A Sequence for Academic Writing Essay

The purpose of this website of The National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League (NARAL) Pro-choice America, is to to show their advocacy for the right of a woman to choose and her right to privacy with regards to reproductive health. The exclusivity of the issues tackled in this site suggest that their concern is concentrated on specific subject matters affecting the conditions of women in the society such as abortion, use of birth control, teen-pregnancy, reproductive health issues of women of color and legislation about the advancement of the right of a woman to choose. Also, the site offers different means on how women with these kind of problems can understand and take action. 2. What is the subject matter of this site? The subject matter of this site is about the right of every woman to choose and her right to privacy regarding women’s reproductive health. 3. What is the purpose of the site? The purpose of this site is to empower women about their sexuality. They aim is to promote the freedom of women to decide for themselves without being scrutinized or discriminated by the society. Also, the website provides many information about the pro-choice legislation and policies for women, research, campaigns and other advocate organizations to educate visitors about the mentioned subject matter. 4. Is this site for, against, or neutral as far as the subject matter is concerned? This site is evidently pro-choice and for the privacy of women. One of the site’s objective is the prevention of unintended pregnancies by provding women more access to birth control and sex education to lessen the occurence of abortion. But they believe that abortion should be made legal and safe to give options to women whether they want to puruse their pregnancy or not regardless of their reasons. 5. Does the site offer anything unique? Does it tell you more than you could find out in an encyclopedia? This site offers a variety of information ranging from research done by NARAL Pro-choice America to government legislations and policies. The media center of the site is composed of choice-related topics from other publications or websites such as The Buffalo News, Fox News and Colorado Springs Gazette. Other sources are background materials, quotes, and story ideas or experiences of women. 6. Did you learn anything? Was the site worth visiting? In this site, I have learned the dilemmas experienced by women particularly when it comes to their reproductive health and choices. In these kind of situations, women are torn between choosing the right thing or what is for their best interest. Moreover, this site really gives a comprehensive outlook about the fight to advance the rights of woment to choose and privacy. Visitors of this website will really have an elightening experience when they read the content. 7. If you were compiling a bibliography of sources about the subject matter of this site, would you include or exclude it from your final list? Yes, I would use this website as one my sources if I am writing a research about the subject mater because it has a single point of view which is supported by many arguments which are valid and practical. Writing Exercise 2 Analyze the Web site National Right to Life. 1. As stated on page 295 of A Sequence for Academic Writing, â€Å"Web pages generally fall into one of six types, each with a different purpose: (1) entertainment, (2) business/marketing, (3) reference/information, (4) news, (5) advocacy of a particular point of view or program, (6) personal page. † What type is this site? Why do you think this? This is an advocay website that upholds the importance and presenrvation of life. They are against any act that would endanger any human life such as abortion. 2. What is the subject matter of this site? The subject of this website is focused on protecting and giving importance to all human life. In line with this, the information contained on the website clearly suggest that the organizers, National Right to Life Committee, are opposed to abortion and issues related to medical ethics such as euthanasia and infanticide. However, the site does not tackle and does not provide any opinions or views on contraception, sex education, capital punishment, and national defense. 3. What is the purpose of the site? The purpose of this site is to encourage visitors of the website to patronize their advocacy which is to disseminate information and at the same time convince people about the negative effects of abortion, infanticide, and euthanasia to an individual and to the society 4. Is this site for, against, or neutral as far as the subject matter is concerned? This site is against the promotion, advocacy and conduct of abortion, infanticide, and euthanasia but the site also advocates the propagation of the notion that human life is valuable so any act that tries to eliminate it should be punishable by law. 5. Does the site offer anything unique? Does it tell you more than you could find out in an encyclopedia? The site of the National Right to Life Committee used different data to support their objective. Its extensive database is focused on these three aspects: abortion, infanticide, and euthanasia. The site includes other realted links from other websites as well, media press releases and current legislation updates about the subject matter. 6. Did you learn anything? Was the site worth visiting? I have learned that even though the US has a liberated culture, many citizens still possess conservative views specfically about the protection of human life whether that individual is an infant or an adult. 7. If you were compiling a bibliography of sources about the subject matter of this site, would you include or exclude it from your final list? Yes, I would definitely use this website as a bibliography source if I were to tackle the subject matter. The website contains many informative data from their own database and outside sources as wells such as information from orgazations with similar objectives, the US government and media publications. Having all these information would make my research very substatntial and extensive. Revision Activity 1 Go to: Handwriting Analysis Read the article analyzing the sample of handwriting provided. Answer the following questions regarding the analysis. 1. What is the author’s initial impression of Walter Railey’s handwriting? The analyst’s initial impression on Walter Railey’s handwriting is that Railey has self-control but his emotions are repressed. These characteristics were presumed by the analyst as an indication of having a compulsive personality. 2. What are three of the particular elements of Railey’s handwriting the author analyzes? The author analyzed the writing strokes, spaces between the letters and hand pressure which became the three major foundations in analyzing the personality of Railey. 3. What element of Railey’s handwriting does the author thinks reveals his weak self image? According to the analyst, the â€Å"diminished and sometimes near threaded middle zone, small compared to upper and lower zones, together with an insignificant and defensive ppI, represent his weak self-image† (Arnold â€Å"Walker Railey†). 4. Explain what analytical tool the author is using in order to analyze Railey’s handwriting. Is the author credible in applying this analytical tool? The author searched for patterns in Raile’s handwriting. Then, the changes in these patterns are noted and analyzed in accordance with the personality of the subject. Moreover, based on the findings, the author was able to make a detailed analysis of the handwriting indicating his/her expertise about it. Also, the patterns of the handwriting helped the author to determine the elements that would expose the individuality of Railey. 5. Once the analysis is complete the author offers a summary of his findings. Are his summary findings concurrent with his initial impressions? The summary part is the synthesis of all the findings regarding the handwriting of Railey. With regards with the concurrence of the initial impression with the summary is that both were able to provide similar information. However, in the initial impression the descriptiom is brief but in the summary it is a little bit more detailed. 6. At the end of the page you will find a link to a short biography of Walter Railey. Follow the link and read the biography. How accurate is the author’s analysis of Walter Railey’s character, based on his handwriting analysis? After reading the biography of Walker and comparing it with the results of handwriting analysis, the former made some very accurate portrayal of the real Walter Raileys. In the analysis, Railey was rendered as selfish, emotionally repressed, and having dual personality which were all apparent in his historical background. Railey was selfish because he only cared about himself and he ignored his family and friends. Also, his emotional repression was shown when he tried to kill his wife and commit suicide. More so, his dual personality was demonstrated when he was charaterized as a charismatic religous leader and also as a controlling and indifferent individual. Revision Activity 1 Go to: Handwriting Analysis Read the article analyzing the sample of handwriting provided. Answer the following questions regarding the analysis. 1. What does the analysis say that the dark strokes represent about Bill Clinton? According to the analyst, the dark strokes of Clinton’s handwriting indicate â€Å"a great deal of energy and an ability to work hard and for long periods of time† (Canoles â€Å"Bill Clinton†). 2. What does the analysis say about the â€Å"little tents† under Clinton’s words? The little tents suggest â€Å"how firm, and even stubborn, Clinton can become once his mind is made up† (Canoles â€Å"Bill Clinton†). 3. How accurate do you find the analysis comments from what you know about Bill Clinton? Based on his administration when he was president and my impression about Bill Clinton, I could say that the handwriting analysis was close to my ideas. Since Clinton was elected as president for two consecutive terms, it suggested that he was well-liked by his consitutents and that he did a great job in doing his taks as head of the state which is very similar with the report of the author’s analysis that Clinton is â€Å"fair and objective when working on initiatives or with people† (Canoles â€Å"Bill Clinton†). 4. Go to: Clinton Biography Read a short biography on Bill Clinton. What comments from the analysis seem accurate according to the short biography? According to the first short biogrphy that I read, Clinton achieved numerous accomplishemnts dugin his term as President of the United States. Some of these were the increase of employment for Americans, reductionsof tax for businesses and many others. In the handwriting analysis, Clinton was depicted as â€Å"direct, efficient, can prioritize easily,† detail-oriented and a â€Å"pragmatic idealist† which are characteristics needed in order to make positive accomplishments. (Canoles â€Å"Bill Clinton†). These qualifyers corresponded with the characteristics of Clinton shown on the biography. 5. Go to: Handwriting Analysis Read a second short analysis of Bill Clinton. How do the two analyses compare/contrast? According to the second short biogrphy that I read, Clinton was described as an intelligent and a charismatic political leader loved by the people. However, he was involved in a sex controversy that influenced many people to question his credibility. But after being found not guilty from the charges against him, he gradually redeemed himself by initiating productive changes in the US and in the international scene. When the handwriting analysis was compared to the biography, the fomer made accurate descriptions of Clinton solely based on his handwriting that matched the information from the latter. But there were some information that were not confirmed by the biography such as the early emotional hurt experienced by Clinton that caused him to have a protective cautin. Nothing was said in his biography about any incident that might have a negative impact on him. So this piece of data still remain questionable. Nevertheless, the majority of information in the handwriting analysis were similar to the actual personal and historical background of Bill Clinton. Write Journal ( Two paragraphs only): Find an advertisement in U. S. a magazine and a) describe the ad, then b) analyze it by discussing all of the following: the colors in the ad, the message (or words) of the ad, and who or what is the focal point of the ad. How do all of these aspects work together to try to get you to buy the product? In the rainbow ad by Skittles, the texts incorporated stated, â€Å"If you filled all the world’s maracas with skittle, no one would ever know. † This literally means that the maracas would not be heard because people are going to eat the Skittles which will supposedly make the sound for the maracas. These texts were colored using all the rainbow colors which are also the colors of the Skittle candies. It was like the ad was bursting with colors which insinuated that if a someone eats a Skittle, the flavors would also burst inside the mouth. More so, in a caption below the ad which says, â€Å"Hear the rainbow, taste the rainbow,† suggests that the appealing look of the Skittles is also transcended to the taste which is composed of different flavors similar with the colors of the window. When all these elements are combined, the ad makes a powerful visual that is both enticing and informative. Works Cited Arnold, Rosemay. â€Å"Walker Railey. † 2006. Handwriting. org. 14 July 2008 . Canoles, June. â€Å"Bill Clinton. † 2006. Handwriting. org. 14 July 2008 .

Case Study Essay Essay

Speed Racer. Like millions of other kids, he couldn’t wait to watch the hero’s slick Mach 5 take on villainous rivals in equally enticing race cars. The show came on at 3:30 p.m. If he was late, he missed it. Back then, there were no VCRs or DVRs to record the show for later viewing. There was no Internet. Like everyone else at the time, Kilar had to watch TV on the schedule dictated by the networks. Perhaps that’s why when Kilar grew up, he set out to change that antiquated model of television watching. By the time Kilar had reached the ripe old age of 36, home-recording devices had been household fixtures for well over two decades. But as far as Kilar was concerned, having to think ahead and set a device to record a show was still too much work. That’s why accepted the task of running Hulu, a joint venture by media giants NBC Universal and News Corporation that serves up TV shows and movies through a slick Web interface, when and  wherever you want to view them. As Hulu began to take shape, speculation quickly turned to skepticism.  What’s a Hulu? In August 2007, this question ricocheted  through the blogosphere to a chorus of derisive laughter. NBC and Fox [News Corps’ TV broadcasting subsidiary] were going to make the Internet safe for television! They were building a â€Å"YouTube killer†! And they were calling it Hulu! It was almost too perfect—an absurdist topper to the idea that two major broadcast networks could devise an Internet video service people would actually use.The name was even more delicious than the venture’s placeholder moniker, NewCo, which the online world had changed to ClownCo.And now Hulu? It means â€Å"snoring† in Chinese, one blogger declared. â€Å"‘Cease’ and ‘desist’ in Swahili,† Michael Arrington reported on TechCrunch. â€Å"Perhaps they should have just stuck with ClownCo,† he added. In Mandarin, hulu actually means â€Å"bottle gourd,† or â€Å"holder of precious things.† But the word’s meaning doesn’t really matter much. What does matter is that since Hulu aired its first television program in March 2008, it has become the third  most-viewed online video site, and it’s still rapidly growing. Entertainment Weekly called Hulu â€Å"some kind of TV addict’s fever dream.† One of the same bloggers who had earlier ridiculed Hulu soon pronounced it â€Å"brilliant.† And Mr. Arrington, coeditor of the famed blog TechCrunch and one of Hulu’s  harshest early critics, ultimately declared, â€Å"Game over. Hulu wins.† The big question is this: Of all the world’s Web startups and video sites, what has made Hulu such an instant and unquestioned success? Focus On the Customer When Jeff Zucker, CEO of NBC Universal, and Peter Chernin,  president of News Corporation’s Fox network, hired Jason Kilar, they handed him a relatively empty canvas in an industry mired with complexities. Kilar could have set any of a thousand different priorities in creating Hulu. But Kilar focused first on one primary priority that would guide the entire venture: the viewer. He insisted that Hulu be â€Å"obsessed with users.† If Hulu didn’t work for viewers, they simply wouldn’t tune in. Kilar wanted to capture the best parts of watching television the oldfashioned way and combine them with the best that modern technology could offer. He and his Hulu team considered all the barriers to watching television and movie programming via the existing options and then set out to squash them. Hulu is Web based, so it overcomes two of the most common  inconveniences to watching regular TV It’s available 24/7, and .  it doesn’t require that viewers set a device for recording. But all Web video sites offer those advantages. Beyond these basics, to ultimately draw people away from their TV sets to watch their favorite shows online, Hulu had to offer more. So Kilar and his team focused on some very specific benefits. User-friendly The top Internet services—Google, Flickr,  YouTube—earned their top spots because they’re simple. Hulu needed to do more than just claim user-friendliness—its site needed to be clean, clutter-free, and have high-quality video. The site needed intuitive controls and navigation tools. And it needed to work seamlessly with all the popular Web browsers, without requiring additional downloads or special players.That obstacle had limited the success of many online video services. Kilar’s test for simplicity? His 62-year-old mom, Maureen, had to be able to cue up any video on the site within 15 seconds. As a result, Hulu emerged as the sleekest, easiest-to-use, and most professional video site on the Internet. According to Will Richmond, president of research firm Broadband Directions, Hulu â€Å"set the gold standard† for a TV-watching experience. â€Å"It has optimized all of the ingredients—quality of video, navigation, and controls.† Videos stream almost instantly in high resolution on a large or even full screen, instead of a â€Å"postage-stamp-size screen with grainy video,† as Kilar puts it. What does Kilar’s mom think? â€Å"She talks a big game, but she’s not technical,† said Kilar. But when Maureen discovered how easy it was to pull up episodes of the old TV classic Alfred Hitchcock Presents on Hulu, she was hooked. A Ton of Content Kilar also knew that slick and easy  wouldn’t be enough without having programming that people  wanted to see. When given the initial list of programs that  would be available on Hulu, Kilar was very disappointed. â€Å"It was one piece of paper,† he said. â€Å"I wished it was a phone book.† CC1 CC2 Company Cases Kilar informed the gurus at NBC and Fox that for Hulu to work, the two companies needed to provide access to every movie  they had ever made and every show they had ever aired. The  network chiefs explained that existing contracts and legal  complexities made that virtually impossible. But Kilar held his ground, and NBC and Fox quickly came around, digging deep  to gain legal clearance for everything that they could.  To give viewers even more content, Kilar suggested a strategy to Fox and NBC executives verged on heresy. He wanted to show programming from competing networks and production  companies—to sell the competition’s products. In fact, he wanted Hulu to be perceived as its own entity, not tied to any existing network. â€Å"Hulu is about the shows, not the networks,† Kilar argued.â€Å"The shows are the brands that users care about.† Once the idea settled in, Chernin and Zucker agreed. As a result, when Hulu went live, it boasted more than 250 TV shows and 100 movies from Fox, NBC, Universal, their affiliated cable channels, and more than 50 content partners such as Warner Brothers and indie film studio Lionsgate. In  addition to hosting content on its own Web site, Hulu links  seamlessly to video content on other video sites, even those of competing networks. In the time since Hulu began airing programs, the number of content partners has swelled to 130 and its library has grown exponentially. That library includes full episodes and even full seasons of television programs, clips from shows (clips of NBC’s Saturday Night Live are among the most viewed on the Internet), movies, and even instructional Web videos such as â€Å"How to Make Stuffed Crust Pizza.† Cost (as in Free!) Kilar also knew that for Hulu to succeed, it had to be free. After all, that’s how people had been watching broadcast television for decades. And on the Internet, people have come to expect â€Å"free.† But offering free content created a problem. Such programming had to be supported with ads, and  viewers don’t like those either. So Hulu created a very  reasonable compromise. The standard for broadcast television is eight minutes of ads per half-hour of programming. Hulu  inserts only two minutes of ads per half hour. Given all that they get, viewers don’t seem to mind the brief interruptions. Great Quality, User-based Programming, and Embed  Codes A great video player and lots of free programs are  things that viewers want most. But in his relentless pursuit to please viewers, Kilar went even further. He went for first-class quality, in both selection and viewing. Hulu relies on a small army of film students to screen every minute of footage,  looking for video and audio glitches. And instead of having  Hulu executives set programming priorities, Hulu lets users do it. Popularity alone moves a show up in the ratings. As a result, some rather odd shows have risen to the top. One of most  highly rated shows on Hulu is It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia, an FX series starring Danny DeVito. Another is Arrested Development, a cult favorite that won Emmys and  critical acclaim but was canceled by Fox because of poor  ratings. In yet another â€Å"Is this guy crazy?† move, Kilar decided that Hulu should provide embed codes so that users could post  content on their own sites. Not only does Hulu feature content from the competition, it gives its own content away! Users  love this because they can share programming with others. It works for Hulu because it doesn’t really give the content away. It enables its videos to go viral, bringing more viewers to  sponsors’ ads. Embracing the Future Hulu’s focus on pleasing viewers is certainly showing results. In only a few months, Hulu ranked among the Web’s top-ten  video sites, besting even ESPN.com. The month following  Hulu’s airing of a very clever ad featuring 30 Rock’s Alex Baldwin on Super Bowl XLIII, the site’s viewership increased by 55 percent to 7.8 million with 332 million streams. This catapulted Hulu past Microsoft and Viacom,  putting it at the heels of number-three Yahoo! (with 353 million streams) and number two MySpace (with 462 million streams). A few months later, Hulu passed Yahoo! In the world of online video sites, YouTube still dominates with 5.3 billion streams every month. But the market offerings of YouTube and MySpace are very  different from Hulu’s, so Hulu lays claim to being the market leader for TV-oriented sites.   Despite its success in such a short time, Hulu ‘s future is hardly guaranteed. Consumers are fickle, especially in a world of constantly changing technologies where what’s hot today may be old news next year. NBC and News Corp recently  added Disney and it’s ABC library to the partnership. But numerous other user-friendly, TV-style sites lurk in the shadows, including CBS’s TV.com and Viacom’s Joost.  And don’t forget one of the biggest competitors of all: viewers themselves.A major reason that NBC and Fox created Hulu in the first place was to combat video piracy. They were constantly having to intervene to pull clips of their shows off of YouTube and other video sites. And peer-to-peer BitTorrent  networks were threatening to inflict the same damage on the  television industry that the likes of Napster inflicted on the music industry.  Shortly after their initial plans leaked out, Chernin addressed the piracy problem head on. â€Å"You can’t protect old business models artificially,† he proclaimed. Unlike music industry executives who held back far too long, Chernin and Zucker realized that if they didn’t put their shows online, someone else would. â€Å"The best way to combat piracy is to make your content available,† said Zucker. â€Å"We want to make sure consumers know they don’t need to steal our content. That’s what Hulu is all about.† But while the minds at Hulu feel that their product will do  a great deal to combat piracy, they are more concerned about a bigger issue: Giving the consumer everything they want may not always be the best thing for the business. From a profitability standpoint, the impact of making  content available with minimal commercials could have adverse effects on the  business models that have worked for decades. As viewership  Company Cases  turns from the TV to the Web, can the revenue generated  through the new media replace that which will undoubtedly be lost through the old?  Jason Kilar himself best captures the opportunities and  threats presented by the volatility of the industry. â€Å"The world has turned completely upside down. I find that very inspiring. Others might be scared out of their wits. But to me, this is the way media always should have been.† Questions for Discussion 1. Describe Hulu’s market offering in detail. What value is Hulu really offering to users? 2. Is Hulu customer-driven? Why or why not? 3. Think about the three considerations underlying the societal marketing concept. Is Hulu sustainable? Support your conclusions for each consideration. 4. What recommendations would you make for Hulu’s  future? Sources: Jessi Hempel, â€Å"Hulu’s Hurdles: Internet Video Sharing Site Tries to Serve Fans and Networks Alike,† Fortune, February 24, 2009, accessed online at www.money.cnn.com; Frank Rose, â€Å"Free, Legal, and Online: Why Hulu is the New Way to Watch TV,† Wired, September 22, 2008, accessed online at www.wired.com; Chuck Salter, â€Å"The Fast Company 50: #3 Hulu,† Fast Company, March, 2009, p. 59; Lynne d’Johnson, â€Å"In Only One Year, Hulu Becomes Fourth-Largest Video Site in U.S.,† Fast Company, March 23, 2009, accessed online at www.fastcompany .com.

Leading Teams

Part I: Explain how you perceive your leadership style within the context of (a) the team you were assigned to during the course and (b) any another team you were a member of. The term leadership has been defined in many ways according to Howard Gardner (1995). President Harry Truman, an infamous leader could lead people to do what they do not want to do yet like it (Gardner, 1995; cited in Parker &ump; Begnaud, 2004).Eileen Ford from a well-established modeling agency defines leadership as the â€Å"ability to convince people to do what you want them to do as if they have thought of it themselvesâ€Å"(Karns &ump; Bean, cited in Parker &ump; Begnaud, 2004). Leadership guru Warren Bennis describes leadership as â€Å"those who make a contribution makes a difference in the organization, thus giving meaning to his or her work† (Czarnecki, 2010). In our times of innovation and change, my personal leadership have style involves a great deal of flexibility.At work, as the princip al of the Child Learning Center in the Saudi National Guard Health Affairs, I have strived to create an environment that is warm and inviting as well as nurturing. In my team during this course, I tried to look for what is best in each team member. One of my favorite quotes is by Albert Einstein states that â€Å"Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid. † I believe that you have to respect not only people’s needs, but also their pain and their vulnerability.From my work experience I have found that a lot of battles are about very personal things. I try my best to be attuned to the unspoken needs that people play out in the workplace and teams. People are people in whatever setting — they bring their luggage of stuff, we all do — and the dynamics in the workplace are a function of the interaction of what we all have in our suitcases. I can’t change that. Y ou can acknowledge it. You can give it space. You can give it air and light.In the end, it can’t rule the day, either, because in the workplace there are higher things and rules that are going to guide what we need to do here. It’s helpful to know that, and be aware of it as a leader, and it’s even better if your team is aware of it and feels that you’re not trying to change who they are. I believe that a team leader impact the team’s mood by modeling a positive state. Attitudes are contagious. When you smile, you make others happy. When you concentrate on being the positive factor in your team's day, their productivity goes up.When you seek out good things to say about others, you will find more good things about them. This is not coincidental. This is the power of being positive. My attitude has the power to not only lift me up or pull me down, but affect my team in the same way. I try to look for the positives in situations. And remember, as the saying goes, that I need â€Å"to accept the things I cannot change, and the courage to change the things I can†. I simply need the wisdom to know the difference between the two.I try hard to focus on only the things I can directly influence. Work at making a positive difference on those things. In Goleman, Daniel â€Å"Leading Resonant Teams† interview he mentioned that â€Å"The emotional system of the brain — unlike any other biological system in the body — is designed to be regulated not just internally but externally, in our relationships with other people. The circulatory system is a closed loop. But emotions are an open loop system. In other words, our brain is designed so that other people can help us manage our emotions better. Therefore, as a leader I must establish a set of ground rules for the way we work together, both by example in my own behavior and by commenting on the behavior of others and helping people do better. In other words, as a leader I need to help the team become more self-aware. Self-awareness is a prerequisite for the team’s ability to manage its own emotions, and deal with issues rather than burying them. Another component that is an important part of my leadership style is the ability to understand change. In my observation, change is a given.We are in a fast changing environment so therefore to manage it more effectively, as a leader. I must first accept it. An effective leader must be able to know what to do at all time. I must always have a plan but also be willing to change it. I realize that there will be bumps in the road that I do not expect and I must be willing to make changes to combat those changes. I believe that each of us can access our inner resources to become a more effective leader in our own field. But first we must be willing to take initiative and stand for something we believe in passionately.We must be ready to take the heat. Many of us avoid the responsibility of lead ership primarily because we are too sensitive to criticism. But when we know who we truly are and we live from an inner core of values, criticism can be filtered to take in only what is true and helpful to our growth. Part II Explain how you studied during this course and how you performed during this course in? class. Provide details of how you approached the course material, including all activities you did in relation to learning the concepts of teams.During this course I made sure that I finish reading all the required materials, I found the website (leader to leader) to be very helpful, especially the interview with Goleman, Daniel. I skimmed through the reading first and looked at the section headings so that I know the types of information that I'm going to be looking at because I know that the brain can only learn between 5 and 9 new concepts in a session. So I give myself several days to repeatedly rehearse and go over the material. I have read once that it takes about 24 h ours for the brain to process information to make it permanent, the more rehearsal, the more permanent it'll be.What I learned was that, some things are best done by a group than by an individual. I found that sometimes its ok delegate to other members tasks which are not my forte and concentrate on the one's I am good at. Being in a group made me experience different roles, if my idea was the one that the group agrees on, I got to be the leader, sometimes I get to follow other member’s plan. Being a Team leader does not mean managing the team, but help the team solve problems in order to be more effective.Rather than optimal leadership style, I leaned that different types of leaders are useful in different situations, and leaders are more important in some situation than others. But as much as possible, I learned how to be a good listener and patient when other members talk. We found it to be very helpful to set deadlines to get things done. Conflict is better handled when y ou talk it out with the people involved and let them understand how their roles impact the project and how this conflict affects the team’s goal. Finally I think that good communication it’s the key to successfully finish any project.

Learn-from Video reviews Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learn-from Video reviews - Movie Review Example Europeans came and perceived Aborigines to be primitive and tried to suppress and drive them out, but even thought their rights were usurped, some of them remain. This shows that Australia has a rich cultural background. (youtube) Australia is located below the equator and above Antarctica on the world map and on the left of the Pacific Ocean and the right of the Indian Ocean. It has six states and two territories which are the Northern territory and Australian Capital Territory. It is a hot nation with a humid and arid climate and a most arid centre. The coast is where most people prefer to live. Perth is the largest and most populated state of Australia and the Northern territory which is the closest to the equator is the hottest and most humid. Therefore the location and climate of Australia make it dry and hot. (Ann) Australia is a multicultural society with the primary religion being Christianity, and other religions such as Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism also being prevalent in the continent. Australia places great importance on education and the future. (youtube, YouTube) There are 39 world class universities, thousands of students from over 180 nations, and research that actually has had a global impact. They also focus on health, building a sustainable environment, new technology and also building a unique learning environment for students.

Project Management - Project Breakdown, Risks and Staffing Assignment

Project Management - Project Breakdown, Risks and Staffing - Assignment Example This paper highlights the possible risks in the organization and how they can be analysed and managed. The organization faces a challenge of the inability to influence wider and diverse market margins. The company is striving to widen its customer diversity and population. This is hindered with the various risks the company faces such as stiff competition from similar companies and lack of sufficient stuffing. The company lacks enough employees hence the production of the company is not to its maximum. There is also poor human resource management. The organization finds it difficult and expensive to train the recruited employees. It is hard for the organisation to replace the experienced personnel who leave with new recruits who take time before conforming to the organisation’s operations and strategies. The organisation faces constant shifting of the employees and this gives it a disadvantage compared to the competitors. Another risk that the organization faces is lack of sufficient resources and funds to hire more employees. More employees will enable the organisation to hav e broader market margins as there level of production will be increased. This problems affect all departments of the organisation hence put the whole organization at risk. The organisation has not fully implemented technology in its daily routine and operations. The computer services and the internet facilities are not fully utilized by the employees of the organization. This particularly affects the HR, marketing and finance department. If this problems are not adhered to the company faces a threat of falling out of competition and closing down in the long run. Failing to diversify and widen it market margin gives the competitors an advantage. This also hinders the organisation from attracting more customers hence limiting the amount of profit the company

Summarize the geologic history of the Mojave National Preserve Essay

Summarize the geologic history of the Mojave National Preserve - Essay Example A low, moving cloud of ash and some rock fragments spread out at extremely high speed across the nearby areas. Some of the rock fragments were approximately 60 feet across this preserve (Glazner et al. 15). The hot ash buried every living thing that was along its path, while the magma spread across a region of approximately 600 kilometers, and the hot rock and ash segments welded together when they reached the ground. Some of the rocks, exposed at the preserve, are from 16.5 to 1.4 billion years ago. They consist of metamorphic rocks, derived from the pre-existing volcanic, sedimentary, and igneous rocks. Some of these rocks have extremely high-grade metamorphic textures and minerals that are because of the high pressures and temperature that are typical of crust 20-40km below the earth’s surface (Glazner et al 16). The preserve has several admirable sceneries; the rocks form a prominent place for a tour, and through the vast and complex history of how the preserve came about to be formed, one cannot but appreciate the beauty of the

Factors in Choosing a Quality Lighting Luminary for a Building Assignment

Factors in Choosing a Quality Lighting Luminary for a Building - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that a fluorescent lamp refers to a low-pressure mercury lamp powered by an electric current. In a construction of a fluorescent lamp, a glass tube is filled with a mixture of argon and mercury vapor at low pressure. The inner side of the tube is coated with the phosphoric coating. The basic structure is as in the diagram presented in the paper. When the light is switched on, current flows through the electrodes in the tube and as a result, it passes through the gas which is contained between the electrodes. The current flow results in the emission of Ultraviolet light from the mercury arc which is converted to visible light by the fluorescent coating found on the inner side of the tube. The circuit contains a starter switch (which is a bimetallic strip), an inductor, a small radio suppressor capacitor and a power correction capacitor that is connected to an AC or DC power supply. The power supply provides the necessary current required to op erate the lamp. This type of lamp contains an outer glass envelop that is filled with nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas acts as a coolant in that it keeps the arc tube at correct temperatures. It also contains a quartz discharge tube which is filled with argon gas and some small amount of mercury which is in liquid form. Either end of the discharge tube contains two electrodes and a secondary electrode which begins the discharge. The secondary electrode is connected in series with a 10 – 30 â„ ¦ resistor. At first, there is no current flow when the lamp is powered on. Then the power supply voltage appears across the main electrode and between one of the mains electrodes and the secondary electrode through the series resistor. Consequently, there is a production of an arc between the secondary and the main electrode resulting in occurrence of ionization. The pressure and the heat build-up results in the formation of more high pressure and vaporized arc between the electrodes.

Obesity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obesity - Term Paper Example However, health issues are not the only problems associated with obesity there are also certain economic side effects of it (Sandman, 2007). Different nutritionists and dieticians suggest a number of solutions and cures for this disease. However, there are a few major categories where the first one is in the form of dieting in which the aim is to cut down on consumption of fattening food. Another popular technique is working out, which includes aerobics, yoga, gym, wait training and many others (Wright, 2004). Some people use the combination of these both with a proper weight loss plan, which is another technique. Also taking prescribed medication is essential to control obesity as medicines control appetite (Caprio, 2006). Also the surgical options have started to work more and more with the passage of time. Obesity is a disease that has no boundaries and is common amongst all age groups, gender and ethnic backgrounds. It is an epidemic that has spread all around the globe. Statisti cs show that 31% of Americans are considered obese with a BMI crossing 30 (Grossman, 2004). Works Cited Butcher, Kristin F. Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes. The Future of Children, 16, 2006 Caprio, Sonia. Treating Child Obesity and Associated Medical Conditions. The Future of Children, 16, 2006 Grossman, Michael. The Economics of Obesity. Public Interest, 2004 Sandman, Nirit.

Writing a Search Warrant (CCJS assignment) Term Paper

Writing a Search Warrant (CCJS assignment) - Term Paper Example Following these investigations, and subsequent arrests, the campaign against drugs and substance abuse has been highly supported. Following the undertaken investigations, he has also issued several search warrants for individuals and premises believed to hub individuals engaging in narcotics business. Your affiant has contributed significantly to the improvement of the antinarcotics campaign, through numerous arrests and subsequent convictions of suspects. Your affiant possesses surmountable knowledge and has undergone extensive training in antinarcotics law enforcement from numerous antinarcotics agencies. Your affiant understands the operations involved in the narcotics business, and the various methods utilised by criminals involved in the business. He clearly knows that evidence regarding contacts and business transactions is normally retained and held within residential premises by traders. Such evidence includes but is not limited to telephone contacts, invoices of purchase of different items utilised in undertaking the business, among others. Personal properties like mobile phones and laptops used in communication could also contain potential evidence regarding communications between trading partners. It is also common among the individuals to reside in rented premises, which make it difficult for criminals to be tracked by involved authorities. Most narcotics criminals also register their personal properties under different names, including names of their children, spouses and close relatives and friends. Within the course of the last 5 days, reliable information received by your affiant has revealed the presence of narcotics activities along Queensway Drive, suit number 3758. The confidential informant has observed frequent suspicious activities involving movement of what are believed to be drug peddlers, in and out of this premise. The CI who has provided this information remains one of the most reliable sources of information by the antinarcotics pol ice department. Over the many years he/she has been providing such information, none of the information provided has ever failed to yield fruitful results. These include arrests, and subsequent convictions of many of the suspects investigated. Photographs of suspected drug peddlers around the premises have been provided by the CI, and your affiant is in possession of the same. A check on the individuals in the provided pictures has revealed some have been involved in various criminal offenses in different parts of the country. One of the individuals has been charged with being in possession of illegal drugs. According to the existing drug regulations provided by the Drug Enforcement Administration, federal police departments have been empowered to undertake investigations of suspected drug smugglers. This affidavit has been issued in line with the provisions of drug laws within the United States federal laws on drugs1. In accordance to the requirement for further investigations to be undertaken, a search warrant has been issued for properties suspected to be involved in the illegal drug smuggling business. Attached to this affidavit are the search warrant and the document describing the premises under investigation and the suspected substances being searched in the premises (Departmentofjustice). Attachment A The premises can be described as a residential apartment building Queensway Drive suit number 3758. The particular building has been described as an apartment five storied residential blocks. On the front side of the building, the walls have red bricks, while the backside the building has been painted jungle green. The building stands directly opposite another apartment block consisting of sky blue walls. The most prominent feature of the

Strategic fit analysis of Gilbert sports Equipment Company Essay

Strategic fit analysis of Gilbert sports Equipment Company - Essay Example Strategic fit analysis of Gilbert sports Equipment Company However, when the rules of Rugby and thereby rules regarding ball shapes and sizes got formalized in the early part of the 20th century and with availability of Rubber bladders, Gilbert Sports Company started making the modern Rugby balls. Although, the company changed hands quite a few times, the company continued to modernise and update the quality of the balls through the second part of the 20th century particularly during the 1980’s and 90’s. It was during the same period, they developed the first range of balls for Netball. However, it fell into the debt trap in 2002, and so it was acquired by another sports equipment maker, Grays of Cambridge in the same year. It continues to function with a lot of autonomy and even diversified into other product segments, with Grays of Cambridge ‘stewarding’ it. Thus, after rising from the internal crisis in 2002, Gilbert under Grays ownership has been able to consolidate its position. However, there are certain fact ors in its macro and micro environment, which could impact as well as influence its functioning. Market Environment Analysis Certain factors in the external environment as well as in the ‘immediate’ external environment will always influence the functioning and the strategies formulation of any organizations in the sport equipment manufacturing sector. Gilbert is no exception to it, as it can be controlled by the factors in the macro-environment, and also by factors in the micro-environment. Both these macro and micro factors can be collected and assessed in a detailed manner through certain analytical tools. The macro environment of Gilbert can be assessed through PEST analysis, while its micro-environment can be analyzed through Porters’ Five Forces. PEST Analysis Political When one focuses on the political factors in Gilbert’s external environment, the UK government can play both a regulatory and constructive role. Regulatory role in the sense, governme nt with its regulations on quality, advertising, pricing, etc., influences the production processes of sports equipment companies including Gilbert. Constructive role in the sense, the UK government through programs like Schools Sports Partnership provide funds to schools to buy sports equipments and construct other infrastructures, so the children can have an active lifestyle with good fitness levels. Although, the UK government had â€Å"plans to end funding for the Schools Sports Partnership program, it was forced to back down as a result of pressure from top athletes, educators and school children themselves.† (caloo.co.uk 2011). Economic The economic aspect of the UK Sports Equipment manufacturing and retail market shows a positive picture, because it â€Å"is valued at US$4.1 billion and grew at a CAGR of 4.19% for the period 2004-2008.† (Reportlinker 2009). However, with the British economy showing little signs of full recovery from the 2008 economic recession, and threatening to go into recession again, the prospects of these sport equipment manufacturing organisations could also suffer. â€Å"Bank of England policymakers agree that Britain's stalled economy will fail to pick up in the current fourth quarter, according to minutes of their last meeting published on Wednesday.† (AFP 2011). If this situation continues, there could be lack of readily available finance options because of credit crunch, and this will make the consumers cut back on their non-essential

Human Activities Undermine the Environment Research Paper

Human Activities Undermine the Environment - Research Paper Example Interestingly, man’s exploitation of the environment can be traced throughout medieval history from the days of the scratch-plow and cross-plowing in the European continent; the subsequent invention of a more efficient plow that could cut the line of the furrow sharply defined man as the master of the environment rather than part of nature. Man’s power over nature has been captured vividly in western illustrated calendars before A.D. 830, which depict man as the exploiter of the environment through actions such as plowing, harvesting, chopping trees as well as butchering pigs (White, 1974). This clearly shows that man and the environment are entirely different things and that man has authority over his surroundings; in that respect, man’s exploitative relation with nature is not an entirely new phenomenon, given its documentation in medieval times. Biblically, man is charged as the custodian of the environment with all creation meant for man’s use; this al so underscores man’s authority over nature that has been the focus of Christian beliefs. The idea that man is superior to nature has inevitably informed man’s exploitative attitudes and tendencies that have in most cases rendered ecologies derelict through human maneuverings that have inevitably instigated numerous negative impacts.  There is great need for rethinking of man’s relation to nature, particularly given that the conceptualization of this man-nature relationship determines man’s impact on the environment.

The Importance of Orientation in the Modern Organization Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Orientation in the Modern Organization Essay Employee orientation is perhaps one of the most neglected human resource functions in most companies. Providing new employees with a company manual and tons of documents is insufficient in terms of welcoming new employees to the company (Brown, n.d). Most of the time, new employees complain about a completely boring orientation or that they are left in the dark. As a result, the employee becomes confused and unproductive and will probably leave the company in a year’s time (Brown, n. d). This paper will first take a look at the definition of orientation as well as its functions. It will likewise provide some facts and figures related to employee orientation. Finally, it will present salient points to support the statement: An orientation is an important aspect of HR training. What is an Orientation? New employee orientation is the act of welcoming recruits into the organization. In most instances, the orientation program is facilitated by the Human Resources Department.   It provides information about safety, the working conditions, the job responsibilities, benefits and qualifications, corporate culture, history of the company, the organization structure, and other vital information needed in the company (Heathfield, n.d). In most cases, the new employee is introduced to each of the department of the organization. The new hiree usually undergoes an on-the-job training (OJT) to become acquainted with the functions of each department in the company (Heathfield, n.d). Purposes of Orientation New employee orientation involves more than just introducing benefits and welcoming the new employee to other workers. Orientation is a make or break period for the new hirees. Orientation programs conclude the hiring process and ushers in the start of retention (Heathfield, n.d). Orientation programs are not just about laying the cards down on the table. It provides an important phase of the recruitment and retention process. The vital purposes of employee orientation are (Heathfield, n.d): 1. Proper orientation can help lessen expenses in order for an employee to learn about their job (Heathfield, n.d). 2. Orientation programs can help lessen the anxiety of the new employee. Through orientation, the new employee need not guess about what should be done (Heathfield, n.d). 3. Employee turnover is likely if there is no feeling of job security on the part of the employees. An orientation program is an indication that the organization treasures their employees and is keen on helping them succeed in their jobs (Heathfield, n.d). 4. Orientation programs likewise give supervisors and managers more time for their work because they no longer need to spend time to train their new employees (Heathfield, n.d). 5. Proper orientation provides employees a framework of what is expected of them. It gives them a realistic overview of their job responsibilities (Heathfield, n.d). The Stages of Orientation Programs There are various methods used by companies in attracting new employees to their fold. Providing nice compensation package is a vital component of bringing in new employees to a certain company but then again it does not assure retention. In fact, according to new technologies in the workplace, effective orientation is actually the best means of reducing the time it would take for new employees to improve their productivity and increase the possibility that they would not leave the company and seek for greener pastures (Award Staffing, 2007). There are three basic stages of orientation namely general, department, and job-specific orientation. Each phase of the program contains key components which are aimed at providing the best results (Award Staffing, 2007). General Orientation This phase of the orientation program is conducted by a personnel from the human resources department and must be completed by new employees of a company. The aim of general orientation is to welcome new employees, make them feel at ease with the workplace and make them aware of the different communication channels (Award Staffing, 2007). Department Orientation While the general orientation provides complete information, the department level orientation is more specific. The aim of this phase is to provide the new employee with knowledge about what they will be their roles and job in the department where they will be assigned. The person in charge of this orientation is the head of the department where the new employee would be stationed (Award Staffing, 2007). The department orientation gives the new employee the chance to get to know the members of the department (Award Staffing, 2007). The goals of the department orientation is to help the new employee become familiar with their department such as its relation to other departments, area of concentration, and the location of the job-related requirement in the area (Award Staffing, 2007). Job Orientation The last phase of the orientation program highlights the expectations and requirements of the employee in order to fit in to the job. It should be conducted by an expert in the main responsibilities of a position and can teach new employees the skills that are required to become successful in their job assignments (Award Staffing, 2007). The Importance of Orientation Program Although companies provide handbooks and manuals, employees still feel confused, overwhelmed, and unwelcome. When this happens, employees begin to cast doubts on the sincerity of the firm and their decision to leave their old company. Here are some of the common mistakes of companies when it comes to new employee orientation (O’Toole, n.d). †¢ Delighting the new employees with statistics, names, and faces integrated into a single session. †¢ Showing boring video †¢ Providing long lectures †¢ Failure to make preparations for the arrival of the new employee The importance of an employee orientation program cannot be discounted. Just as clients want to be treated well by a certain company, the same treatment is expected by new employees from their new company and co-workers. Here are some reasons why new employee is very important. 1. Good orientation programs can increase the retention capability of a firm. New employees have the habit of evaluating the commitment of their future employers within the initial three months of their employment. 2. Orientation programs do not end on the day of the event. They extend beyond the initial week of an employee’s tenure in the company. By providing appropriate orientation and training, companies can improve the productivity of their new employees. 3. Well-crafted orientation programs can help build better attitude and morale, and improve work satisfaction. The Need for an Orientation Program Several studies have underscored the need for companies to put emphasis on employee orientation. New Employee Orientation Practitioner Consensus Survey In a study conducted by the Institute for Corporate Productivity, it was discovered that most companies do not have a new employee orientation program and the main attraction of these firms are branded items bearing the company’s logo. Likewise, the survey revealed that while majority of these companies provide orientation to their new hirees, over one-fifth of these firms do not care to monitor whether the programs are effective (Oakes, 2007). Jay Jamrog (2007), who is SVP for Research of the company believes that the first few days of a new employee are the most crucial as far as building a positive first impression that results to loyal employees. Firms have the tendency to miss out on the opportunity of impressing new employees as well as pouncing on their strengths and weaknesses. This fact is something that companies would need to consider when implementing orientation programs (Oakes, 2007). In addition, the study likewise revealed that 86% of the respondents have established employee orientation programs. Almost half of these programs are conducted in less than a day with 26% concluding their orientation in two or three days. On the aspect of attracting new employees, 54% said that their company relies on handing out items such as pens, folders, binders, etc. while 12% say they do not do anything (Oakes, 2007). On the aspect of effectiveness of the orientation program, 47% of the respondents said that their company relies on employee feedback, 20% on first-year retention, and 17% monitor the performance ratings. It is odd to note that 22% of the respondents did not monitor the effectiveness of their orientation programs (Oakes, 2007). Moreover, 81% of companies delegate the task of administering orientation programs to the human resources department, 23% involve several departments, and 21% include the department where the new employee will be assigned (Oakes, 2007).

Analysis of Values, Expectation and Environment of National Bank of Pakistan

Analysis of Values, Expectation and Environment of National Bank of Pakistan The balance sheet of NBP is better than all other banks operating locally. The services of NBP are accessible to the government of Pakistan, business units and individuals. NBP has shown a remarkable financial performance in 2006 with an estimated total asset of over 634 billion PKR. The overall deposits of NBP have grown-up to approximately 502 billion PKR. According to the annual report of year 2006 the bank earned 26 billion rupees before tax profit and the per share value increased to 24.01 rupees. The boost in revenue was attained due to the huge central banking returns. The bank issued more loans and income received by bank on these loans increased by Rs.10 billion. Bank enjoyed an increase of Rs.268 billion in its advances. To offset the threat of credit alarm NBP retains a strong hold of loans. The bank issues these loans to different range of people/ businesses. For example NBP karobar is a scheme of NBP to help people increase their business, bank also gives loans to SM enterprises and also in agriculture field as well as large business companies. The signed agreement in year 2002 with Western Union is one example of different channels that bank is facilitating for Pakistani living overseas. It provided them a convenient and competent way to transfer their funds to Pakistan. Currently bank has started an efficient online system to track the complete inward clearing. This system ensures that all the branches have complete record of every step of inward remittance until its final acknowledgment of receiving. Learning Outcome 1 Types of values, Links to Values, Vision and Mission One of the key drivers of strategic purpose in an organisation is its values. Values are part of the organisations culture those subconscious assumptions and beliefs that frame its view of itself. TYPES OF VALUES Lencioni , (2002)noted four types of company values Core Values These are the deeply ingrained principles that govern all the organisations actions. These values are the source of a companys distinctiveness. Aspirational values Aspirational values are those principles that are essential for prospect achievements. Here is where conventional morals might be out of step with a planned value. Permission-to-play values These values are also called as entrance values; these are non-core and non-distinctive values. These are the minimum principles of manners that are given in employees instruction manual. Accidental values Accidental values are those intellectual standards that are engaged for approval however these standards do not actually reflect the central or inspirational principles. Core values of National Bank of Pakistan NBP believes in reliability of premier standard Superiority in customers service is another core value of NBP NBP admits the teamwork and it has a performance based culture i.e. rewards are given on performance base NBP improves its expertise for upcoming confronts It builds an understanding of public and neighbourhood responsibility NBP creates ethics for its stakeholders Morals work collectively with visualization to produce the structure of your tactical aim, and from your structure come your exact plan and objectives. At times difference between vision and mission is unclear. A vision is an inspiring declaration of anywhere the company desires to be, while the mission is a declaration of present strategic situation. The Vision A vision declaration  is occasionally identifies an image of your business in the prospect however its so much further than an image. Your visualization is your idea, the outline for your calculated arrangements. The Mission A mission declaration  is a concise explanation of a businesss primary intention. It answers the question WHAT IS OUR PURPOSE OF EXISTANCE. The mission enounces the companys aim together for those in the company and for the community. Vision of NBP To be known as a leader and a product identical with belief, uppermost standard of service and excellence, worldwide best exercise and public duty. Mission of National Bank o Pakistan The mission of NBP is to seek the ethics that will enable the bank Infect the bank of realm it will focus on the following NBP will institutionalise a value and performance based culture. Will create a unique brand name by offering top class services. NBP will adopt the premium management strategies. It will focus on maximising the value of its stakeholders. Evaluation of NBPs Vision against its suitability There are many ways/ tools to evaluate the mission statement of an organisation. I have chosen the five ways suggested by HAMEL and PRAHALAD in year 1994. These are: Foresight NBP has a strong and powerful vision statement. The flow in its vision is very logical and arranged. All the three parts of the vision are in steady relation in an attractive way. It demonstrates the strength of the banks planning for future. The primary element of the banks vision statement says to be known as the leader face the foreseeing part of its vision. Breadth NBPs vision is vast enough to appreciate different topics. The vision is about giving answer to the continuous changing market. By covering the top international practices its vision shows its wideness. Uniqueness The desire to continue its participation to provide best global practices gives its mission statement uniqueness. Consensus As it is possible to fulfil the vision statement of the bank its vision is also consensus more over all the assembly like board of directors, chief executive officers and voice presidents are agreed on it. Action-ability Its vision clearly mentions the future opportunities in a proper manner. To enjoy being a leader in banking field NBP is applying top quality management skills. The excellent team work, high standard service and its sincerity with its work makes it well qualified to face the upcoming confront and to create values for its stakeholders. Evaluation of Mission Statement To evaluate the mission/ objectives of NBP I have chosen the SMART tool. The SMART analysis of NBP is as following: S Specific The mission statement of the NBP is to the point. It is very clear and understandable. Every point of its mission statement is well defined and logical. M Measurable Here measurable means quantity. To the best of my understanding and knowledge the term Measureable can best fit if NBP has achieved the targeted revenue, number of branches, number of customers etc. And I think the answer is yes even more than that. Because it is a purely government organisation people have trust in it. A Achievable As one can clearly see that NPBs mission statement recaps the basic strategy to realize the goals of the organisation it states the key goals that the workers should struggle to meet. This declaration is given in very clear points and I think its very much attainable/ achievable. R Realistic The approach of NBP towards its mission/ objective is very realistic. I mean there is sense of what it states. Like its says to maximise its stakeholders value, means by providing top quality services and providing its stakeholder continuous profit NBP will do its best to increase its stakeholders value and improve their life. T Time-bound The time bound factor means it should specify the time when its going to get these objectives/ missions. As far as my knowledge about the company is concerned NBP has not given any time limit for achieving its missions/ goals. Learning outcome 2 Stakeholder Analysis; managing expectations Definition of Stakeholder Freeman and Reed (1983) suggested two definitions of an organisations stakeholder i.e. narrow and broad. The broad definition says that a stakeholder is a group or individual who can either affect the achievements of the organisation or is affected by the achievement of the organisations objectives. The narrow definition says a stakeholder is an individual or a group of individuals on which the organisation depends for its continuous survival. (A stake holder rationale for risk management 1st edition 2008 Gregor Gossy) Stakeholders of National Bank of Pakistan As NBP is a very big organisation so are its stakeholders. There is a long list of its stakeholders some important stakeholders are mentioned in the list below. Shareholders Employees Government Its Creditors Board of Directors Other Businesses SBP Unions Commercial banks Depositors Influence of Stakeholders The banks shareholders have a great impact on the decision making process of the bank as they participate in the voting for the selection of directors after the previous term is expired. They are involved in the top meetings with the general secretary of the bank. Board of directors influence the companys decision as they are the strategy formulators of the bank. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) is the central bank and so has a powerful authority on all banks serving in Pakistan. SBP keeps a check on all the operations of NBP. Clearly SBP has a sturdy control on the strategy of National Bank of Pakistan. The employees of NBP also have a great impact on the strategy of the bank. They influence by the efficiency and effectiveness of the service they are providing. For example if they are motivated and working hard it will help the bank achieving its vision in a superior way. So employees at NBP affect the profitability of the banks. Competitive analysis of NBP The companys competitive analysis begins by focusing the overall industry in which a firm competes before market segment or sector level issues are considered. For the competitive analysis of NBP I have chosen the famous porters five forces analysis. Porters FIVE FORCES MODE Competitive Rivalry It is very commanding force amongst the company and its competitors. A strategy followed by a company is successful to an extent it gives to its competitive advantage to its opponents. The strategy could be providing best service, or reducing the price against its competitors price as far as NBP is concerned it is charging very low fee on DDs, transfer by telegraphy, and by post transfer it is also giving many added facilities to the clients and to the country as it states it is a nations Bank Threat from new entrants When new businesses can simply come in the particular market the number of competitor increases and so is the competition. As far as banking is concerned this industry is previously very much located in Pakistan. There are many banks that provide high quality service at a very low fee. So there isnt any risk to National Bank of Pakistan from possible new entrance. NBP as well a community sector bank and there is no chance of being taken over by any new bank. Threat from substitutes The substitute threat is the 3rd factor that can affect the competitions. It means there could be some other services that can be an alternative of the product/ service of the company. In banking sector for example they offer saving schemes, but the general post offices in Pakistan are also providing this service so there is an alternative of the service. The banks should beat their offer of saving in order to take control of the market. Another example could be the Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) which are a substitute of presenting cheques at the cash counters in banks. ATM saves the time but NBP is lacking in this ground. It should look up in this field to compete its rival. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The strength of competition is affected by the bargaining influence of the suppliers particularly when you have a great number of contractors. If you are a bank your suppliers are your customers who supply you money. So as a bank you should offer them quality services, peace of mind, gain their trust at an affordable fee. B/C offer superior services to the customers. B/C charges less on transfer of funds. As a result there is a competition between B/Cs and banks. Bargaining Power of Consumers When clients are strong or in big numbers, or the buy in huge quantity, their purchase influence signifies a key force affecting strength of opposition. Keeping that fact in mind we see that banks have a large number of customers in Pakistan and banks are offering different products to their customers. NBP as well have a big number of clients. So it should offer superior services and good products to its clients to draw their attention to NBP. LEARNING OUTCOME 3 External environment Now we will discuss the external factors affecting the strategic plan of NBP. I have used the most commonly used tool for this purpose that is the PEST analysis. PEST ANALYSIS PEST analysis is a study of the huge outside environment of the company. It is helpful for realising the Political, Economical, Social Technological surroundings that accompany works in. This analysis can be used for measuring market development or slump, to check where you business lays in the market. (The business environment 6th edition 2009 IAN WORTHINGTON CHRIS BRITTON) THE PEST ANALYSIS OF NBP Political Impact of economic science striking and NCBs Denationalization strategy of the authorities and SBPs deregulating Work patterns, Unions and affiliations Governmental obstructions and torment Commotions of high tax on banking business Economical Restraints in mobilisation of civic investments due to inflation Staff pays and other costs Operating expense is higher due to manual dealing Rising of debts Social Cultural Unsatisfactory HR Ethnical strain to investments Going down educational and employment morals Poor liability Debtor lobby Satisfactory empowerment Technological Poor communication base Inadequate I.T services Insufficient I.T training Lack of information technology tools SWOT ANALYSIS The usage of SWOT analytic thinking lets businesses to make the most of their strengths, reduce their weak points, take benefits of their chances and conquer their disadvantages. It begins by defining the aims of the project or business actions and describes the inner and outer elements that are crucial to achieve those goals. Advantages and disadvantage are generally internal to the company, whereas opportunities and risks are typically external. (The SWOT Analysis: Using Your Strength to Overcome Weaknesses, Using Opportunities to Overcome Threats) Author: Lawrence G. Fine Publisher Booksurge Llc, 2009 SWOT ANALYSIS OF NBP STRENGTHS Oldest Organization National bank of Pakistan on of the matured banks operating in Pakistan and so has large number of customers which is strength of it. People trust and believe in the bank. Being an old organisation its an additional value for the bank. Rotation of Duties If for some reasons state bank of Pakistan is not in operations NBP works as an alternative of SBP. Being a government bank and working as an alternative of SBP is strength of the bank. More Deposits than Competitors NBP has the proportional capability in holding additional deposits as compared to other banks. This is due to the trust that clients have in NBP. Employee Benefits Reasonable financial remuneration is given to the employees on both EID events in form of cash bonuses. This provides an extra help and proficiency for NBP a cause of inspiration for the workers. Wide Network One more strength of NBP is its wide network all over the country. It has most number of branches than any other bank in most productive cities. Due to large network of branches NBP provides best quality service to its customers at their nearest branch. Professional Competence The bank has hired very professional graduates in different fields like banking, business administration, economics, finance etc these are highly skillful professional. Their professionalism enables the bank to realize and achieve the goals of the organisation in a superior way. Healthy Environment The working environment at NBP is extremely conductive and supporting for more sizeable output. The relaxing environment manipulates the performance of the workers in a supporting manner. WEAKNESSES Less Marketing Effort NBP do not support its industry stature its services in an aggressive manner. Therefore it lacks in selling efforts. Now a day every organisation is in need of aggressive marketing A need for aggressive marketing in there in the era marketing in now becoming a part of every organization. Political Pressure The strong political grip of some companies government and its authorities are impacting NBP negatively. The bank sometimes has to issue loan under agencies demands that leads to odd and accommodated feelings in its employees. Discrimination The seniors often influence in the promotion system of the bank by forcing their favoritism and their own willingness and decision. This behavior leads to denomination of the employees which leads to performance degradation and lack of confidence in the employees. A Few Financial Product If we consider the innovation and announcements of new schemes NBP is far behind from its competitors. NBP did not involve itself in the competition of offering customers new products, ideas and services. It is a major weakness of the bank. Bad Service at Busy Time Another weakness of the bank is its poor management in serving the customers in busy hours. It is been often noticed that people are topping out of the doors and windows and they are not happy because they are not been serviced timely and efficiently. Lack of Network Equipments Another weakness of the bank is the lack of computer networks that could have saved the time and energy of its employees. Moreover the I.T staff is not well trained they are old aged and dont have necessary know-how of computers. If proper tainting and network is provided bank can convert this weakness into its strength. Uneven Workload The pressure of work at NBP is more on some workers than others and it is unevenly distributed. Some employees escape from their job responsibilities while others bear work overload. This is not fair and leads to de-motivation among the employees who are working hard. OPPORTUNITIES E- Banking The advancement in communication sector has made this world a global village. Now technology is very important for any business specially banking now a day depends on efficient an effective service which is impossible without technology. National bank of Pakistan can make use of technology to perform better and have a competitive edge over its competitors. Micro Finance In todays word there is a need of finance on micro level NBP can avail this opportunity as its competitors are already arrived in this field. NBP should realize this opportunity as soon as possible in order to provide current demands. THREATS New Competitors The mergers of new banks, especially foreign banks are a threat for NBP. These banks are well prepared with exceptional and innovative technology and heavy finance. They know how to promote their product and how to perform well. NBP should take steps to compete with these foreign banks to tackle this threat. Political Pressure As the government is not stable in Pakistan different political parties are coming in power. They are affecting the banks overall performance by putting pressure for issuance of unfair loans. Politically dominant people are creating a sense of anxiety and discouragement in the customers and its employees. Downsizing The current policy of the bank is to cut the staff which is a threat to its employees as they are feeling insecure about their jobs. This is affecting their overall performance negatively. Customers Complaints The customers are everything for a business but there is no formal service to deal with customers complaints. This behaviour is annoying the customer and they are heading towards other foreign banks. This is a threat for the bank. Conclusions and Recommendations National Bank of Pakistan is one of the oldest and largest banks in Pakistan. This bank is in partnership with Government of Pakistan and has largest assets than any other commercial bank. This bank has a unique part in the economical growth as it works as the agent of State Bank of Pakistan. Following are some recommendations for NBP. National Bank of Pakistan can increase its operational productivity by using latest computer technology. Employees Training programs are not sufficient. Extensive training will surely increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees. Privatization can have a positive impact on NBP overall performance. Modern techniques for cost cutting should be adopted by the bank. There is a strong need to change the outlook and interior lay out of the branches.

The Examples Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

The Examples Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay Today, people rely on so many kinds of technology. For instance, people use computers for research, school related, pleasure, and to communicate with their friends. People use other technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, etc for their own needs. Basically, our world is evolving around technology; without it, then the citizens will go insane thus their lives would be difficult. The main topic discussed would be operating systems. People like to use computers, but the thing is some do not know what is behind it; how do operating systems evolve and help individuals see something spectacular rather than something blank and dull. Operating system is a software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management of various activities of the computer and the sharing of computer resources. It hosts the several applications that run on a computer and handles the operations of computer hardware (Oak). Operating system handles and deals with the output devices (a monitor), input devices (keyboard and mouse), and peripheral devices (a printer). Basically, it makes sure that the operating system identifies the input devices, displays the output devices, and controls the peripheral devices. In larger systems, operating system checks to see different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other (Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions.). In addition, it makes sure that unauthorized users do not access the system (Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions.). Operating system acts li ke a security guard for the larger systems. Examples of operating systems are Disk Operating System (DOS), Windows, MacOS, and UNIX. Different types of operating system are as follow: Embedded system, Real-time Operating System, Multi-user Operating Systems, Multi-tasking Operating Systems, and Distributed Operating Systems. Embedded systems are mostly for personal digital assistant (PDA) like mobile devices; they are compact and efficient. A couple examples of embedded operating systems are Minix 3 and Windows CE. Real-time Operating System likes to multitask and use algorithms, and they have a quick and immediate respond to inputs. Multi-user Operating Systems allows more than one user to access the computer and runs various programs. Multi-tasking Operating Systems are when various programs run at one time. Windows 95 is an example of this operating system. Distributed Operating System manages a group of computers and makes them emerge into one computer. Those are the different types of operating systems (Oak). History of Operating Systems Throughout history, mainframe operating systems evolve and led to so many different kinds of operating system such as UNIX, Window, and MacOs. Without this, then different kinds of operating system will not be created, and many people today will have difficulties obtaining the information they need. In order to begin this, mainframe operating system started around the 1950s right before desktop computers and laptops were created. As computer programs became difficult to use, and the hardware of the computer became less expensive, computer engineers tried to figure out ways for the computer to adapt to the same and various types of programs. Based on that, they created the mainframe operating system. Mainframe operating system process large amounts of information and support a great number of users (WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions.). This powerful device was used before and currently today by businesses, corporations, and governments because they needed a machine that could handle large databases for use or storage, large bandwidth, and reliability. When mainframe operating system was first created, they did not have any input devices (keyboard, nor mouse). Their input was through cards with holes punched into them; the holes being poke were the sign of data being entered. After that, the operating system read the cards and then transfers them into binary (1s0s), so it could be understood by compu ters. The most popular mainframe operating system was the OS/360. It was created at the end of 1965 by International Business Machines (IBM); its goal was to compute various lines of hardware. IBM wants to merge these separate lines into one product and developed a new way of thinking about the commonalities amongst processes they were previously thought to irreconcilable (Lunny). Examples of mainframe operating systems were: z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, Linux for System z, z/TPF. z/OS was designed to offer security, constant, and availability for applications running on the mainframe. z/OS gets work done by dividing it into pieces and giving portions of the job to various system components and subsystems that function interdependently (IBM). z/VM (Virtual Machine) runs different operating systems such z/OS, z/VSE, Linux for System, z/TPF in the virtual machines. Basically z/VM could run combination of guest systems. z/VSE (Virtual Storage Extend), known as DOS, ran routine production workloads consisting of multiple batch jobs and extensive, traditional transaction processing (IBM). Link for System z used ASCII characters and traditional count key data, and z/TPF (Transaction Processing Facility) was used by airline reservation systems and credit card companies for high transaction volume. Those were examples of mainframe operating systems (IBM). Examples of Operating System: UNIX Based on the mainframe operating systems, it led to many different types of operating systems. One example of an operating system would be UNIX. UNIX was created by one of the Bell Labs member, Kenneth Thompson in 1969. This was intended for programmers to access the computer at the same time and share its resources (Alcatel Lucent). UNIX controls the commands from the keyboard, and the data being generated. Also, it permits each user to believe he or she is the only person working on the computer (Alcatel Lucent). This operating system became so powerful that industries, governments, businesses, and so forth wanted this operating system. This idea became popular in the programming and scientific communities. Based on this superior operating system, its features were: Multitasking capability, multiuser capability, portability, UNIX programs, and Library of application software. One of the features, multitasking, allows a computer to do several things. For instance, this operating system allows a person to create a document while the other run spell check, and the other one editing a document. Another feature, multiuser, allows users to access the same document by compartmentalizing the document so that the changes of one user dont override the changes of another user (Alcatel Lucent). Portability is another feature that moves a brand of computer to another with a code of changes. This helps the operating system to be upgraded without the customer inputting the data. Library of application is another feature that can be purchased from third-party vendors, so they can use it (Alcatel Lucent). UNIX comes from several programs (at least 100 and more); they can be divided into two classes. The two classes are integral utilities and tools; Integral utilities are necessary for the operation of the computer, such as the command interpreter (Alcatel Lucent). Another class is the tools; it provides the person with additional capabilities, such as typesetting capabilities and e-mail (Alcatel Lucent). Basically, tools could be removed or added whether if the applications are required or not. That is the final feature of the Unix Program. UNIX communication came a long way before the development of the World Wide Web. It first allowed people to communicate with each by email at the same terminals. Then users at different machines were connected, so they could communicate too. As a result, they link around the world into the World Wide Web, so it made it easier for other users to communicate. The UNIX is organized at three levels; they are the kernel, the shell, and the tools and applications. The kernel, schedules tasks and manages storage (Alcatel Lucent) and are controlled by programmers command. Meaning they can tell the system to shut off or on. In the kernel level, it tells the computer to read the files, and then display the files on the screen. The shell connects and interprets users commands, calls programs from memory, and executes them (Alcatel Lucent) allowing the output of a program to become the input of another program. The tools and application offer additional functionality to the operating system (Alcatel Lucent). That is how UNIX is organized at those three levels. Example of Operating System: Windows Another example of an operating system is Microsoft Windows. Windows came a long way, and the features that people see today were not like that in the past. In 1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates saw an article regarding about the MITS Altair 8800 (a microcomputer). They had a better idea and decided it was their time to do something about it. Based on that, they developed and formed Microsoft Corporation in 1975. On November 20, 1985, Microsoft launched Windows 1.0. This was the first display screen where you could use your mouse, type, and see the screen. According to Bill Gates, he said, It is unique software designed for the serious PC user (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). They also have icons, scroll bars, drop-down menus for people to understand, learn, and be able to use it. Some of the programs included are Notepad, Paint, MS-DOS file management, clock, etc; also they have a game called Reversi (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released on December 9, 1987; this includes expanded memory and provided desktop icons. Having the graphics to be better improved, you could overlap windows, control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Also, the taskbar was removed; the utilities and the program are still the same. Intel 286 was designed for Window 2.0. Overall, Windows continue to develop better speeds, usability, and reliability of the PC. In addition of this creation, Control Panel was born (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). During 1990 to 1994, Microsoft launched two more operating systems; they were Windows 3.0 and Windows NT. Window 3.0 was released on May 22, 1990 followed by Windows 3.1 in 1992. Windows 3.0 had better performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors, and improved icons (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In addition, with the Intel 386, the programs ran a little bit faster. Print Manager, Program Manager, and File Manager started to appear in Windows 3.0; with this operating system rapidly growing, it released software development kit (SDK). This helped software developers focus on writing programs rather than writing device drivers. Games such as Hearts, Solitaire, and Minesweeper came along too. Another operating system that launched in 1990 to 1994 was Windows NT; it was released on July 27, 1993. This however, provided a 32-bit operating system generally for business platform, and Windows NT represents a fundamental change in the way that companies can address their business computi ng requirements (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). On August 24, 1995, Microsoft launched Windows 95. It sold about seven million copies by the end of the fifth week. With this creation, it led to the start menu, close, maximize, and minimize, and taskbar in Windows 95. This helped included Plug and Play capabilities that made it easy to install hardware and software (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Based on this, Internet Explorer (the first version) was created; this was basically the new online world and people could email each other (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In 1998 to 2000, Microsoft released Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows Me. Windows 98 was released on June 25, 1998; this operating system was described as an operating system that works better, play betters (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). You could find information much easier on your pc, and you could open or close programs much quicker. Another benefit was, you could read DVD discs, and have universal serial bus (USB) devices. One feature that came into appearance was the quick launch bar; this made it easier to run programs without browsing at your desktop, or the start menu. Windows 2000 came along during February 2000; this improved reliability, ease of use, Internet compatibility, and support for mobile computing (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Also, it provided variety of new plug and play hardware, wireless products, USB devices, etc. Windows Me was released on September 2000; this provided video, music, and home networking entertainment for home users. Based on thi s, System Restore was appeared for the first time. This makes your PC go back in time if you accidently install a program that affects your computer (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). On October 25, 2001, Window XP was released with better features, usability, and security, reliability, and performance. This help cooperate the use and emphasis of Help and Support; it is when you need help on one particular program. This operating system helped citizens understand viruses and mistrustful attachments that could damage your computer. Windows Media player became better in style, and the way it looks. In addition, it led to wireless connectivity, Windows Messenger, Remote Assistance, and 64-bit Edition (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In 2006, Windows Vista was released; this provides the best security system you get, so you dont have to buy too much protection on your computer. You could buy a simple security system, and you would be fine. One feature was the Window Media Center; that was for entertainment. If you have TV Tuner, you could watch, pause, and record live TV. Another feature was the taskbar; they remade the Taskbar to look better and different from previous operating systems. Lastly, the network section became user friendly, so people could easily connect to any network that was unprotected, or their network. On October, 2009 Microsoft released Window 7; this feature was similar to Window Vista, yet it has more advantages. The main feature that Window 7 has is the Touch feature. This feature enabled you to touch the screen like the web browser and so forth if you have a touch screen computer. By 2010 during the fall, Windows 7 is selling seven copies a second-the fastest selling operating system in history (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Examples of Operating System: MacOS MacOS is another example of Operating System. It is part of Apple and was created by Steve Jobs. The first version of MacOs was released in 1984; it was user friendly because you did not need to use the right click button on the mouse. Also, it did not have command line interface. After that, it released System 3.0, which could not tell the difference between lowercase and uppercase letters to System 5.0, which ran multiple programs at the same time. Four years later in 1988, System 6.0 came along; this could organize hard disks up to two GBs (gigabyte). This had multitasking capability and it provided word processes programs like WriteNow, MacWrite II, and Microsoft Word 4.0 (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). In May 1991, System 7 was released, and virtual memory was allowed to be used. This also helped display colors and incorporated a help section (the balloon), so the user did not have trouble using the interface. Based on this, System 7.5 appeared in 1994 with slightly better features. Some of the feature and benefits were bug fixes and storage drives could store use up to four GBs. In early 1997, they changed the name from System to MacOS 7.6. Performance improved a lot in the memory management and virtual memory. QuickTime Version 2.5, a pure image quality, was featured in this operating system. MacOS 8 was released on July 1997 and MacOS 9 on October 23, 1999. This lead to three different versions; they were: MacOS 8.1, MacOS 8.5, and MacOS 8.6 versions. In MacOS 8.1, information could be stored efficiently, and the system could handle up to two billion files! In MacOS 8.5, the speed became much better and the graphic display was fast by QuickDraw routines. Also, copying files speed was much faster than before. In 8.5, you had these kinds of applications: Finder 8.5 QuickTime Pro 3, Open Transport 2, Internet Explorer 4.01, Outlook Express 4.01, Netscape Navigator 4.0.5, Mac OS Runtime for Java 2.0 and File Exchange 3 (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). In MacOS 8.6, it improved the performance and supported the PowerPC G4 processor giving it the ability to multitask with the new features. In MacOS 9, they had 50 additional features, and This includes support for multiple users with password and access management for files and settings (Op erating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Your login could be use by voice, and the files could be encrypted for security. The final Operating System for Mac so far, but has different versions was MacOS X. The first version, 10.0 was released on March 2001; this help made the display look better and not as dull as before. Their icons were place in a docket at the bottom of the screen. Then, version MacOS X 10.1 was released; with this, The surface reacts quicker at user interaction, the system start was accelerated and the OpenGL performance increased noticeable (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Mac OS X 10.3 began to have Graphic User Interface in metallic scheme and the finder (optimized). Mac OS X 10.4 had 200 features including Safari 2.0 (web browser). MacOS X 10.5 offered the user an enhanced user interface with virtual desktops, a fast file preview and Dock with 3D effect (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). MacOS X 10.6 (currently used today) improved performance, speed, and stability. It could support up to 16 TByte memory, i t is optimized for multi core processors, and is a pure 64-bit operating system. With the technology OpenCL graphics processor can speed up in specific applications calculations (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Which Operating System do People use (Jobs, etc.)? Which one is recommended for you? Those are the examples of the operating system, so which operating system would companies, businesses, and governments, individuals, or schools would use. Companies, businesses, and governments like to use Microsoft Windows especially Windows XP because they used it for over five years. Also, they did want not upgrade to Vista because the security features it had would slow down the computer. Overall, they like to use Windows XP because they are simple and easy to use. Also, some companies, businesses, and governments would use UNIX if you a programmer or a computer scientist. For school, they like to stay up-to-date, so they would used Windows 7. For individuals, it is up to them what they want to use. If you are the kind of person who likes to play games, watch movies, and TV then you should consider Microsoft Windows. If you are a creative person meaning like to edit music, film, and design fields, then you should consider the MacOS. Overall, many people in the world uses differen t kinds of Operating System. Future of Operating System The future of Operating system would be quite interesting because since many people rely on technology, how would the future be like? One blog that was interesting was by Rafe Blandford. One fascinating thing he said that Social networking could possibility break out and become its own operating system. Operating systems will become more social as they marry context awareness, the Internet and your social connections. The information broadcast and received by your mobile device will be critical in connecting people in new and more immediate new ways (Blandford). The thing is we do not how the future is going to be, so you never know what it is going to be in the future (Blandford). Conclusion In conclusion, operating system is the one that lead to many different kinds of Operating System today such as UNIX, Microsoft Windows, and MacOs. Without it, then people have difficulties doing their errands. The main credit for doing all these is the mainframe operating system. Basically just one simple thing can lead to multiple things. UNIX is designed for Programmers and the screen is blank. Programmers have to input coding, so they could see the end result (the output). Microsoft Windows started from Windows 1.0 and eventually leading to Window 7 (Current as of now), and MacOS started from Systems 1.0 and working its way up to MacOs X 10.6 (Current as of now). The main idea is to show people that without operating systems, our life would not be the same and will be miserable. This is what helps make our life easier and not complicated. Work Cited Sources Blandford, Rafe. The future of the operating system. Nokia Conversation: The Official Nokia Blog. N.p., Apr 2010. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Lunny, Casey. Operating Systems. N.p., 2003. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Oak, Manali. Different Types of Operating Systems. Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . A History of Windows Microsoft Windows. Windows Home Microsoft Windows. Microsoft Corporation, 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Examples of Operating Systems. Calvin College Minds In The Making. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . History of Operating Systems. History of Computer, Computer History Tracing the History of the Computer. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Mac OS Operating System. Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots). N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . The Creation of the UNIX Operating System: An Overview of the UNIX* Operating System.. Alcatel Lucent. Lucent Technologies, 2002. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . The History and Future of Microsoft Operating Systems: Windows ME. The Professional Resume of Joseph J. Hodsdon. 13 May 2008. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . What Is a Mainframe Operating System?. WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. What is operating system? A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary. Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions. . N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Which is Right for You? PC vs Mac. AOL. AOL Inc, 06 Aug 2009. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . z/OS basic skills information center. IBM. IBM Corporation, 2008. Web. 9 Mar 2011. .